Read the Sentence. After Retiring From the Racetrack

Greyhound racing in the Great britain
Two times Derby winner Westmead Hawk
Start date	24 July 1926 at Belle Vue Stadium
Nations	England, Scotland & Wales excludes Northern Republic of ireland

Greyhound racing is a sport in the U.k.. The industry uses a Parimutuel betting tote system with on-course and off-course betting available.^[1] Attendances have declined in recent years, partly due to the decrease in evening fixtures with the majority of fixtures being held in the daytime.^[two]

Attendances peaked in 1946 at effectually lxx meg and totalisator turnover reaching £196,431,430.^[3] As of February 2022, there are 20 licensed stadiums in the Britain (excluding Northern Republic of ireland) and three contained stadiums (unaffiliated to a governing body).

History [edit]

Modern greyhound racing has evolved from a form of hunting called coursing, in which a dog runs after a alive game animal – normally a rabbit or hare. The first official coursing meeting was held in 1776 at Swaffham, Norfolk. The rules of the Swaffham Coursing Society, started by Lord Orford, specified that only two greyhounds were to grade a unmarried hare.^[4]

Coursing by proxy with an artificial lure was introduced at Hendon, on September 11, 1876. Six dogs raced over a 400-one thousand straight course, chasing an bogus hare. This was the outset attempt to innovate mechanical racing to the UK; however it did not grab on at the time.^[5]

The oval track and mechanical hare were introduced to Britain in 1926, by Charles Munn, an American, in association with Major Lyne-Dixson, a central figure in coursing. Finding other supporters proved to be rather difficult, and with the Full general Strike of 1926 looming, the two men scoured the country to discover others who would join them. Somewhen they met Brigadier-General Critchley, who in turn introduced them to Sir William Gentle.^[half-dozen] Between them they raised £22,000 and launched the Greyhound Racing Association. On July 24, 1926, in front of one,700 spectators, the start modern greyhound race in Great Great britain took place at Belle Vue Stadium, where seven greyhounds raced round an oval circuit to catch an electrical bogus hare.^[7] They then hurried to open tracks in London at the White City Stadium and Harringay Stadium.^[vii]

The first three years of racing were successful financially, with attendances of v.five million in 1927, thirteen.7 million in 1928 and 16 million in 1929.^[viii]

Racing [edit]

The greyhound racing industry in Bang-up Uk currently falls under two sectors: that registered by the Greyhound Board of Great Great britain (GBGB),^[9] and a sector known as 'independent racing' or 'flapping' which is unaffiliated to a governing body.

Registered racing [edit]

Registered racing in Great Uk is regulated by the Greyhound Board of United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland (GBGB) and has been UKAS accredited since 2010.^[ten] All in the registered sector are subject field to the GBGB Rules of Racing ^[11] and the Directions of the Stewards, who prepare the standards for greyhound welfare and racing integrity, from racecourse facilities and trainers' kennels to retirement of greyhounds. There are Stewards' inquiries, and so disciplinary action is taken against anyone found failing to comply.^[12]

The registered sector consists of xx racecourses and approximately 880 trainers, four,000 kennel staff and 860 racecourse officials. Greyhound owners number 15,000 with approximately vii,000-8,000 greyhounds registered annually for racing.^[1]

Independent racing [edit]

Independent racing, also known equally 'flapping', is held at iii racecourses. The numbers of trainers, kennel staff, owners and greyhounds involved in independent racing is unknown because there is no requirement for central registration or licensing, and no code of do. In England, standards for welfare and integrity are set up by local regime, merely there is no governing or other regulatory body.

Stadiums [edit]

In the 1940s, at that place were seventy-seven licensed tracks and over 2 hundred independent tracks in the Uk, of which xxx three were in London.^{[3] [13]} Now there are just 21 registered and iii independent stadiums.

Registered stadiums [edit]

There are 20 active Greyhound Board of Not bad Great britain (GBGB) registered stadiums in the United Kingdom,^[xiv]. There are no agile GBGB tracks in Scotland or Wales, and Northern Irish tracks practise not come up under the control of the GBGB.

• Brighton and Hove Stadium, Brighton and Hove
• Central Park Stadium, Sittingbourne
• Crayford Stadium, London
• Doncaster Stadium, Doncaster
• Harlow Stadium, Harlow
• Henlow Stadium, Stondon
• Kinsley Stadium, Kinsley
• Monmore Greenish Stadium, Wolverhampton
• Newcastle Stadium, Newcastle upon Tyne
• Nottingham Stadium, Nottingham
• Oxford Stadium, Oxford
• Owlerton Stadium, Sheffield
• Pelaw Grange, Chester-le-Street
• Perry Barr Stadium, Birmingham
• Romford Stadium, London
• Suffolk Downs, Mildenhall, Suffolk
• Sunderland Stadium, Sunderland
• Swindon Stadium, Swindon
• Towcester Stadium, Towcester
• Yarmouth Stadium, Nifty Yarmouth

Independent stadiums [edit]

There are likewise iii active independent stadiums:

• Askern Stadium, Doncaster
• Thornton Stadium, Thornton, Scotland
• Valley Stadium, Ystrad Mynach, Wales

Competitions [edit]

At that place are many types of competitions in U.k.,^[15] with prize coin reaching £fifteen,737,122.^[one]

Greyhound Derby This race must have minimum prize money of £50,000. The competition has half dozen rounds and attracts around 180 entries each year. At that place are ii derbys in Britain: the Scottish Greyhound Derby held at Shawfield Stadium, and the English Greyhound Derby formerly held at Wimbledon and Towcester. The 2019 contest volition exist held at Nottingham. In addition, the Irish Greyhound Derby, held at Shelbourne Park, is open to British greyhounds. There used to be a Welsh Greyhound Derby merely the result finished in 1977 after the Arms Park track in Cardiff closed. In 2010 the Northern Irish Derby was introduced.^[16]

Category One Race These races must have minimum prize money of £12,500. They can be run between 1 and iv rounds merely must be completed within a 15-24-hour interval catamenia, except for special circumstances. In whatsoever result the competition must be completed within 18 days. Category One races replaced competitions called archetype races in the 1990s.

Category Ii Race These races must take minimum prize money of £five,000. They tin be run with one, ii or three rounds merely must be completed inside a 15-mean solar day catamenia.

Category Three Race These races must have minimum prize money of £ane,000. They can be run over i or two rounds and inside a ix-day period. A category iii race tin can be staged over ane solar day but must take minimum prize money of £500.

Invitation Race A special blazon of open up race commonly staged by the promoter in support on the night of other opens. This will exist proposed to the committee past the Greyhound Board or past a promoter, with the racers beingness invited into the contest rather than the usual process. The minimum prize money for these races is £750.

Minor Open up Race This is any other open race. The minimum added money for these races is £150.

Graded racing [edit]

This is any other race staged at a runway, and prize money is varied. This kind of racing is the core of most stadiums and some of the racing can be viewed in betting shops on the Bookmakers Afternoon Greyhound Service (Numberless). The Racing Manager selects the greyhounds based on power and organises them into traps (called seeding) and classes (usually 1–9) with grade 1 being the best class.^[11]

• A class represent standard races
• B form stand for standard races+
• D class represent dart races
• S class stand for staying races
• Chiliad class represent marathon races
• P class represent puppy races
• H form represent hurdle races
• Hcp class represents handicap races

+ Only used if a track has an alternative standard distance.^[11]

Racing jacket colours and starting traps [edit]

Greyhound racing in Great britain has a standard colour scheme. The starting traps (equipment that the greyhound starts a race in) determines the colour. Races with 8 greyhounds are no longer held.^[11]

• Trap 1 = Red with White numeral
• Trap 2 = Blue with White numeral
• Trap 3 = White with Black numeral
• Trap four = Black with White numeral
• Trap v = Orange with Blackness numeral
• Trap half-dozen = Black & White Stripes with Cherry-red numeral
• Trap vii = Green with Red numeral (no longer used)
• Trap 8 = Yellow and Black with White numeral (no longer used)

A racing jacket worn past a reserve bears an additional letter 'R' prominently on each side.^[11]

Types of hare system [edit]

• Swaffham - windsock on metal plate that runs in a groove on a metal rail at ground level, 2 versions exterior/inside of track.
• Sumner - soft toy hare on a small arm attached to a thirty cm (approx) raised runway), ii versions outside/inside of track.
• Bramich - soft toy hare (suspended) on a long arm attached to a raised rail, two versions outside/inside of rails.

Racing greyhounds and welfare [edit]

Treatment of racing greyhounds [edit]

Greyhound racing at registered stadiums in United kingdom is regulated by the Greyhound Board of Great britain (GBGB). In Britain, greyhounds are not kept at the tracks and are instead housed in the kennels of trainers and transported to the tracks to race. Licensed kennels have to fall within specific guidelines and rules^[xi] and are checked past officials to brand certain the treatment of racing greyhounds is within the rules.^[11] In 2018, licensing and inspecting trainer'southward kennels was conducted through the government-approved, UKAS accredited method.^[17] When a greyhound is due to race or trial at a track its wellness and status must be checked by the veterinary surgeon at kennelling time and again before they are permitted to race, the weight must be recorded by officials and random drugs tests are conducted.^[xi] From one April 2023, all vehicles transporting racing greyhounds must have air-conditioning.^[eighteen]

Retirement [edit]

When the greyhounds finish racing they are retired under the GBGB bail scheme (introduced in 2020) which ensures the homing costs are met.^[19] Owners may continue the dog for breeding or as pets, or they can send them to greyhound adoption groups. The Greyhound Lath of United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland (GBGB) have introduced measures to locate where racing greyhounds reside after they have retired from racing and from 2017 the retirement information has been available to the public.^[xx] Concern among welfare groups is the well-being of some racing greyhounds who are non adopted upon their retirement, and that they may later be put down or sold by their owners, some others are put down considering they are not suitable for retirement.^[21] However the GBGB require all owners to sign a retirement form indicating the retirement plans.^[22]

The master greyhound adoption organisation in Uk is the Greyhound Trust (GT). The GT is a clemency but is partly funded past the British Greyhound Racing Fund (BGRF), who gave funding of £1,400,000 in 2015 and rehomed 4,000 greyhounds in 2016.^{[23] [24]} In recent years the racing industry has made meaning progress in establishing programmes for the adoption of retired racers. Many race tracks have established their own adoption programmes^[25] in addition to actively cooperating with private adoption groups throughout the state.

There are also many contained organisations which notice homes for retired Greyhounds. Several independent rescue and homing groups receive some funding from the industry but mainly rely on public donations. In 2016, 1,500 greyhounds were rehomed by contained groups. In 2018 several tracks introduced a scheme whereby every greyhound is found a home past the track, these include Kinsley and Doncaster.^{[26] [27]} During 2020 many homing organisations including the Lincolnshire, Suffolk and Portsmouth Greyhound Trusts reported that all retired greyhounds were existence homed and that there was a shortage. Concerns were raised that if the shortage of retired greyhounds continued information technology could force some homing organisations to close.^[28]

Injuries [edit]

The nearly recent independently verified published figures testify that the 2019 injury charge per unit was 1.21% which equated to 4,970 from 410,607 runs. The most common injury was a hind limb muscle at 1104 (0.27%), this was followed by foot injuries 1088 (0.26%), wrist 792 (0.19%), hock 765 (0.19%), fore limb muscle 504 (0.12%), for long bone 94 (0.02%) and hind long os 29 (0.01%), other equated to 594 (0.14%).^[29] Following the release of the 2021 data it was constitute that the injuries were 1.12%, which equated to 3,575 from 318,346 runs. Track fatalities were 200 (0.06%) downward vii on 2019.^[30]

Drug testing [edit]

The Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB) actively works to preclude the spread of drug usage within the registered greyhound racing sector.^[31] Attempts are made to recover urine samples from all six greyhounds in a race. Greyhounds from which samples can not be obtained for a certain number of consecutive races are subject to being ruled off the track. If a positive sample is found, violators are subject to penalties and loss of their racing licenses by the Greyhound Lath of Great Britain (GBGB). The trainer of the greyhound is at all times the "absolute insurer" of the condition of the fauna. The trainer is responsible for whatever positive exam regardless of how the banned substance has entered the greyhound's system.^[32] Due to the increased practice of random testing, the number of positive samples has decreased.^[31]

Over a one-year period from 2017 to 2018, over 15,000 greyhounds were tested by the GBGB 'flying team' which returned iv positive cocaine tests. These cases resulted in disqualification or suspension for the offending parties.^[33]

Controversy [edit]

Isolated incidents have occurred that resulted in national newspaper manufactures. Greyhounds were sent to builder David Smith, in the North Due east of England who destroyed greyhounds with a captive commodities gun, he was unqualified to do so and faced a fine and jail sentence.^[34] Subsequently, anyone found to have sent a greyhound to him was warned off for life.^[35]

See as well [edit]

• History of gambling in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c} "About". Greyhound Board of Slap-up United kingdom . Retrieved i Jan 2020.
2. ^ "Editors Chair v Biggest dangers to the Uk greyhound industry". Greyhound Star. Retrieved 10 Baronial 2021.
3. ^ ^{a b} Particulars of Licensed tracks, tabular array 1 Licensed Dog Racecourses. Licensing Regime. 1946.
4. ^ Ash, Edward (1933). The Book of the Greyhound. Hutchinson & Co Publishers. p. 117.
5. ^ "greyhound racing in Encyclopedia of Britain past Bamber Gascoigne". historyworld.internet.
6. ^ Genders, Roy (1981). the Encyclopaedia of Greyhound Racing. Pelham Books Ltd. ISBN978-0-7207-1106-half-dozen.
7. ^ ^{a b} "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-10-20 . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
8. ^ "Remember When - January 1930". Greyhound Star. 2012.
9. ^ "Nosotros are the governing body for licensed greyhound racing". Greyhound Board of Great Britain.
10. ^ "GBGB Press Release". Greyhound Star.
11. ^ ^{a b c d e f chiliad h} "Rules of Racing". Greyhound Board of Slap-up Britain.
12. ^ "Disciplinary Commission Hearings". Greyhound Lath of Swell Britain.
13. ^ "Going to the dogs". The Guardian. 2008-08-09. Retrieved 2017-08-25 .
14. ^ "Our Racecourses". Greyhound Board of Nifty Great britain.
15. ^ "Open up Races". Greyhound Lath of U.k..
16. ^ Genders, Roy (1990). NGRC book of Greyhound Racing. Pelham Books Ltd. ISBN978-0-7207-1804-1.
17. ^ "Welfare and Care". Greyhound Board of Britain.
18. ^ "Moisley'due south trainer van bargain – GBGB Printing Release". Greyhound Star. Retrieved xvi December 2021.
19. ^ "Printing Release". Greyhound Star.
20. ^ "Welfare & Retirement". Greyhound Board of Great Great britain.
21. ^ Activists renew calls to cease greyhound racing as 400 die despite lockdowns The Guardian
22. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.gbgb.org.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2015. Retrieved thirteen January 2022. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as championship (link)
23. ^ 2d Report of Session 2015–16 (10 February 2016). "Greyhound welfare" (PDF). parliament.uk . Retrieved 27 Feb 2017.
24. ^ "Retirement Funding" (PDF). British Greyhound Racing Fund Express.
25. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2008-x-eighteen . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
26. ^ "KINSLEY Make WELFARE HISTORY". Greyhound Star. 2017-11-13.
27. ^ "NEW DONCASTER SCHEME RE-HOMES 77 DOGS IN FOUR MONTHS". Greyhound Star. November 2018.
28. ^ "RE-HOMING 2020". Greyhound star. Retrieved 17 Dec 2020.
29. ^ "Injury and Retirement Data" (PDF). Greyhound Lath of Corking Great britain.
30. ^ "2020 Injury and retirement data" (PDF). Greyhound Board of Great Britain. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
31. ^ ^{a b} "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-10-18 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
32. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-ten-21 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as championship (link)
33. ^ "People are giving their greyhounds cocaine to brand them run faster". British GQ . Retrieved 2020-09-04 .
34. ^ "Greyhound killer to face tougher sentence". The Guardian. sixteen February 2007.
35. ^ "Editors Chair". Greyhound Star. November 2017.

External links [edit]

• Greyhound Board of Dandy Britain (GBGB)
• Greyhound Trust (GT)
• British Greyhound Racing Fund (BGRF)
• Greyhound Data
• Greyhound Star
• Greyhound Stud Volume (GSB)
• Greyhound Breeders Forum

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_racing_in_the_United_Kingdom

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